Computer Generations

Computer can not come to its present stage by one step.It has to go through many steps.In keeping with the improvement of  electronics industries computer has also been improved.In1951 first electronic computer UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)was invented by heart and soul trying of some mathmaticians.The age from 1951 even today can be divided into some generations.They are as follows .-
1.First Generation
2.Second Generation.
3.Third Generation.
4.Fourth Generation.
5.Fifth Generation.

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Hybrid Computer

The best combination of digital and analog computer is called hybrid computer.The hybrid computer takes analog  inputs,converts them into digital data and processes them in digital form.Whether the output is digital or analog is a matter of requirement.These types of computers are used in real-time processing like weather forecasting and in the intensive care of a Hospital.,to solve the sophisticated problems of science and technology,in experimental works in laboratories,in training of pilots of aeroplane etc.Hybrid computer is used specially as it is costly.This type of computer is able to understand both analog and digitals signals.

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Analog Computer

A computer that can measure continuous physical quantities such as electrical current,length,temperature,pressure,shaft rotations,voltage etc. and convert them to analogous decimal digits, and them realizes an arithmetic or logical operation and accomplished result is visible  by metre or indicator is called analog computer.It is costly and it is also used specially.It can only understand analog signal.Its main function is to solve differential equation.Besides this, it is used in different laboratories to control the speed of rocket and missile,for forecasting by making artificial data etc.Speedometer of motorcar,thermometer etc. are the ideal examples of analog machine.Analog computers are used mainly for scientific and engineering purposes because they deal with quantities that very constantly.These types of computers give approximate results only.

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Digital Computer

A majority of the computers used in the world today are digital .A computer that counts the numbers and works directly on digits that represent either discrete data or symbols is called digital computer.The function of digital computer is forwarding and periodical.Results are displayed on monitor and can be printed.Digital computer is for general uses.It"s application program can easily be changed on the basic of work.A digital computer processes information which  is based on the absence  or presence of an electric plus,an on ( 1)/off (0) condition.So a computer that counts the numbers and works directly on digits that represent either discrete data or symbols is called digital computer.These types of computers are able to give acute and  errorless  result.

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Types of computers

On the basis of structure,computers are classified in three types as-                                                         
1.Digital  Computer.(A majority of the computers used in the world today are digital)

2.Analog  Computer.(This type of computers give approximate results only)

3.Hybrid  Computer.(The best combination of digital and analog computer is called hybrid computer)

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Micro or personal Computer (PC)

 

In November,1971 Intel company at first produced Microprocessor.This Microprocessor is introduced as Intel-4004,which is mainly used in calculator.The word Micro means very small.That is why a microcomputer made with mini microprocessor is called Microcomputer.Only one can use this type of computer at a time.so it is called Personal Computer(PC). A man in general  stage could be able to use computer technology when the microcomputer came to broad way.Besides in official works computer is being used extensively in home-works,sports,and recreations and in personal affairs.Microcomputer is mainly contained unique processor.A few days ago men could only think to use microcomputer setting on a desktop.At present it is also found in the shape of briefcase and mini books.

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mini computer

A physically small and less working capability computer compared to mainframe is called mini computer.This type of computer can be set up on a large size table.Many users can use it simultaneously by connecting several terminals.Mini computer is generally used in offices,Banks,Clinics,Hospitals,Garments factory and Multinational companies etc.The PDP .Series of computer are mini computer.

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mainframe computer

Mainframe computer is less powerful than the super computer that can analyse huge quantity of data quickly.They are used in big research institutes,educational institutes, banks, large organizations etc.A large number of users can use such a computer simultaneously.At first mainframe computer is installed at "Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission" in 1962.Later on mainframe computer is also installed at Dhaka University, BUET, Statical-Bureau,PDB etc.An example of mainframe computer is IBM370 and VAX11/780.

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Super Computer

Super Computer is the most powerful,expensive,and high speedy computer.In a few countries of the recent world have super computer.It can perform more than crores of  calculation within a second.This computer is being used in sophisticated scientific research,cosmic research,and in the military affairs.Its sale and production are restricted.These types of computers are not available in Bangladesh.In recent time India has introduced and used their own made super computer named`Parem`

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classification of computer

The word computer is derived form the Latin word computear. Which means a calculating machine.Computers are available in different sizes with different capabilities.They may be classified in the following four categories.
1.Super Computer
2.Mainframe Computer
3.Mini Computer
4.Micro or personal Computer(PC)

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Invention history of computer

The Computer is a fairly recent invention

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It has become an essential part of modern life.The true ancestor of the modern computer was designed by the English mathematician,Charles Babbage in the 1830`s.This machine,called the Analytical Engine,was never completed but it was intended to perform any mathematical calculation automatically by means of a mechanical device.His idea was put into practice in1944 by Professor Howard Aiken of Harvard University,who in association with the International Business  Machines Corporation(IBM),completed the Automatic Sequence controlled calculator(ASCC) or Mark-1, It was a mechanical computer,and not an electronic one.The first eletronic digital computer,called the Numerical Integrater and Calculator(ENIAC) was completedin1946 by a team of scientists at the university of Pennsylvania.

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